A common denominator of most neuropsychiatric disorders as well as age-related cognitive decline is the impairment in cognitive control, which is the brain's ability to flexibly guide actions using relevant information in a context while suppressing irrelevant input. Using animal models, our research aims to understand the neural computations underlying cognitive control from all levels including individual neurons and ensembles, microcircuits and inter-areal communication in the mammalian brain, with the ultimate goal of finding effective treatments for cognitive control impairment in neuropsychiatric conditions such as schizophrenia and anxiety disorders.